: Research from Carnegie Mellon University found that blocking multiple piracy sites simultaneously (like the 2018 shutdown of the original 123Movies) successfully increases legal streaming by up to 12% .

Pirate and chill: The effect of netflix on illegal streaming

: This recent study in ScienceDirect explores the psychological motivations of younger generations who prioritize convenience and price sensitivity over legal concerns.

One particularly insightful paper is published in the journal Information Economics and Policy . Key Findings of the Paper

: The paper argues that the widespread use of sites like 123Movies is driven by how closely their interfaces resemble legitimate Over-the-Top (OTT) platforms, making the transition "seamless" for users. Related Research on the Topic

: The paper examines whether legal streaming services like Netflix act as a replacement for sites like 123Movies . It found that removing a movie from Netflix significantly increases the intent to pirate that specific title.

If you are interested in how these platforms operate and their impact, you might also find these studies relevant:

: Interestingly, the study highlights that legal and illegal usage are not mutually exclusive; nearly 47% of Netflix subscribers in a surveyed demographic also used illegal streaming platforms.