Abnormal Psychology -

This view posits that disorders are the result of learned maladaptive behaviors and distorted thinking patterns. Therapy focuses on unlearning these behaviors and restructuring thoughts.

Where an individual loses touch with reality (e.g., Schizophrenia).

Rooted in Freudian theory, this perspective suggests that abnormal behavior stems from unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences. Abnormal Psychology

Involving severe disturbances in emotional state (e.g., Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder).

Rigid and unhealthy patterns of thinking and behaving (e.g., Borderline or Antisocial Personality Disorder). Conclusion This view posits that disorders are the result

Defining abnormality is a complex task because behavior is heavily influenced by cultural norms and social contexts. What is considered standard in one society may be viewed as abnormal in another. To provide a standardized framework, clinicians typically rely on the or the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) . These manuals categorize disorders based on specific symptoms and criteria, ensuring consistency in diagnosis. Key Perspectives and Models

Characterized by excessive fear or worry (e.g., GAD, Panic Disorder, Phobias). Rooted in Freudian theory, this perspective suggests that

The ultimate goal of abnormal psychology is not just to label behavior, but to understand the "why" behind it to improve lives. As our understanding of the brain and society evolves, the field continues to shift away from stigmatization and toward a more integrated, "biopsychosocial" approach to mental health.