Abietis: Adelges

In early spring, these nymphs mature and lay hundreds of eggs. As these eggs hatch, the new nymphs begin feeding on the developing needles. Gall Formation: A Complex Plant-Insect Interaction

In North America, the population consists entirely of females that reproduce parthenogenetically (without mating). adelges abietis

Immature nymphs, known as "stem mothers" or fundatrices , overwinter at the base of spruce buds. In early spring, these nymphs mature and lay