ARQ is an indispensable tool for achieving reliable digital communication. While Stop-and-Wait is efficient for simple, low-delay networks, Go-Back-N and Selective Repeat are essential for modern high-speed networks. The hybrid approach (HARQ) offers the best balance of efficiency and reliability in modern wireless scenarios.
Low throughput on links with high propagation delay, as the channel remains idle while waiting for ACKs. 3.2. Go-Back-N ARQ (GBN) ARQ is an indispensable tool for achieving reliable
Only the specific lost or corrupted frame is retransmitted, rather than the entire window. Pros: Highly efficient utilization of bandwidth. ARQ is an indispensable tool for achieving reliable
Higher bandwidth–delay products require larger window sizes (GBN/SR) to maintain high throughput. 5. Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) ARQ is an indispensable tool for achieving reliable