Gaius Julius Caesar was a transformative Roman general and statesman whose career effectively signaled the end of the Roman Republic and the birth of the Roman Empire. Often remembered for his military genius and dramatic assassination, his influence persists through his calendar reforms and the global use of his name as a title for rulers.
: The plot included his close friend Marcus Junius Brutus , leading to the legendary (though likely apocryphal) last words, "Et tu, Brute?". Caesar
: Facing prosecution from political rivals in the Senate, Caesar defied orders to disband his army and crossed the Rubicon River in 49 BCE, sparking a civil war. Rule and Reform Gaius Julius Caesar was a transformative Roman general
: On March 15, 44 BCE (the Ides of March), Caesar was stabbed 23 times in the Senate house. : Facing prosecution from political rivals in the
: In 60 BCE, Caesar formed a secret political alliance with Crassus , the wealthiest man in Rome, and Pompey , its most celebrated general.