For humans, captivity is a profound disruption of autonomy and lifestyle.

Captivity is the state of being confined to a particular space and prevented from moving freely. While it most commonly refers to animals kept in zoos, aquariums, or as pets, it also encompasses human experiences such as imprisonment or being a prisoner of war. The Human Perspective

Millions of wild animals live in captivity across the United States in various settings. Orcas don't do well in captivity. Here's why.

“It's basic biology,” Rose says. A captive-born orca that has never lived in the ocean still has the same innate drives, she says. National Geographic

: Captives often use mental detachment, hopeful visualization, and routines to survive. Animal Captivity

: Long-term consequences can include PTSD and depressive symptoms , which may worsen with age.