: Found on the upper right side, nonmetals (like Oxygen or Nitrogen) are often gases or brittle solids and tend to gain or share electrons.

: The size of an atom generally increases as you move down a group and decreases as you move left to right across a period.

The "chemistry" happens when elements interact to form compounds. This occurs through three primary types of bonds:

As you move across or down the table, specific chemical behaviors follow predictable patterns known as periodic trends:

: Atoms share pairs of electrons to achieve stability (e.g., Oxygen and Hydrogen forming Water).

: These elements sit along the "staircase" line and have properties of both metals and nonmetals, making them essential for semiconductor technology.