Greek city-states introduced the hoplite phalanx , a densely packed formation of heavy infantry. Philip II of Macedon evolved this further by doubling spear lengths to 18 feet, creating an "impregnable wall" of tips used by Alexander the Great to conquer the known world.
The strategic innovations of this era were tested in legendary engagements: Fighting Techniques of the Ancient World (3000 ...
Early conflict relied on basic shock and ranged infantry. Organized wrestling in Egypt and Sumerian combat sports suggest that early systems of hand-to-hand combat were already being refined. By the early first millennium BC, the Assyrians had pioneered specialized infantry units, setting the stage for professional standing armies. Greek city-states introduced the hoplite phalanx , a
Fighting Techniques of the Ancient World (3000 BC to 500 AD.. - eBay Greek city-states introduced the hoplite phalanx