: Software bugs, system crashes, or improper shutdowns (like pulling a USB drive out without ejecting) can leave files partially written.
: Always use the "Safely Remove Hardware" option before unplugging external drives and use a UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) to prevent damage from power outages. How to Fix Corrupted Data on Your Device
: Use the System File Checker (SFC) . Open the Command Prompt as an administrator and type sfc /scannow . For deeper issues, run DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth first to repair the system image. : Software bugs, system crashes, or improper shutdowns
: Ransomware often "corrupts" data by encrypting it, while other viruses may deliberately alter system files. : Software bugs