Provide shape and a high melting point. Common types include Beeswax (moisture retention), Carnauba (hardness), and Candelilla.

Add shine and allow for smooth application. Castor oil is the most frequently used due to its high viscosity.

Use a mix of inorganic pigments (like iron oxides for durability) and organic dyes (like beetroot or carmine for vibrant shades).

Many now include antioxidants like Vitamin E to prevent rancidity and preservatives to extend shelf life. Common Finishes