: The Vatican cited the Masons' "secret oaths" and "naturalism."
: Catholicism claims a unique, revealed truth through Jesus Christ. masons Expelled From The Vatican
: Masons view all religions as equal paths to a "Great Architect." : The Vatican cited the Masons' "secret oaths"
History is filled with high-profile clashes between the two entities. without divine grace
: This specific branch has historically been the most anti-clerical. 🛡️ Why This Content Matters Now
: The belief that human reason alone, without divine grace, can perfect man. ⚖️ Modern Status (The 1983 Declaration)
: A massive 1980s scandal involving a rogue Masonic lodge and the Vatican Bank.