Radway focused her research on a group of 42 avid romance readers in a fictionalized town she called "Smithton," Pennsylvania. She found that for these women—mostly middle-class mothers and wives—reading was far from a passive act.
: The Smithton women were highly critical and had specific criteria for a "good" romance, most notably a Happy Ever After (HEA) ending and a strong, sympathetic heroine. Rereading Janice Radway's Reading the Romance Reading the Romance
: Radway argued that reading was a "declaration of independence". By picking up a book, women created a physical and psychological barrier that signaled they were "off-limits" to the domestic demands of their families. Radway focused her research on a group of
: The readers sought stories where a hero is initially cold but eventually provides the heroine with intense care and tenderness. Radway posited that women used these stories to fulfill emotional needs for nurturance that were often unmet in their real-life roles as the primary caregivers for others. Rereading Janice Radway's Reading the Romance : Radway