: The study suggests that while environmental cues are important, there is a likely genetic basis or a rapid evolutionary shift occurring in captive populations that "breaks" the migratory strand in their behavioral biology.
You can access the full study and related reviews through the following academic platforms: strand & tenger
: The research demonstrates that monarch butterflies reared in captivity (often purchased from commercial breeders) lose the innate ability to orient south for migration. Even when these butterflies were raised outdoors to experience natural environmental cues, they still failed to orient correctly compared to wild butterflies. : The study suggests that while environmental cues
The most significant "solid article" on this topic explores how captive-bred monarch butterflies lose their ability to migrate. The most significant "solid article" on this topic
Key Study: Contemporary loss of migration in monarch butterflies
: The findings are summarized in broader biological reviews, such as "The phenotypic costs of captivity" in Biological Reviews , which uses the Tenger-Trolander study to highlight how captive-bred individuals lose key behavioral traits.
The phenotypic costs of captivity - Crates - 2023 - Biological Reviews