The Ottoman Empire, | 1700вђ“1922, Second Edition

Greater attention is paid to gender history and the complex, often tragic treatment of religious and ethnic minorities.

Are you writing a , an essay , or a historiographical critique ? The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922, Second Edition

Quataert emphasizes that it was a deeply multi-ethnic and multi-religious state, not a Turkish nation-state. Greater attention is paid to gender history and

The state initiated top-down modernization to centralize power and combat European encroachment. The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922, Second Edition

Rather than viewing the 18th and 19th centuries as a slow, inevitable death, Quataert argues that the state was highly dynamic.